Human Genetics and Medicine - BIOL 272 EXAM I
-February 9, 2010 NAME:
DO NOT USE ANY OTHER PAPER AT ANY TIME WITHOUT INSTRUCTOR PERMISSION
Part I: [16 points] answer four; omit two Define, explain, and/or
illustrate each of the following [related] terms: be sure that you have
both explained the meaning of each of the terms and distinguished each
from the other term. Be sure to include both the similarity and
the distinction. 4 points each
a. gene - allele
b. chromatin - chromosome
c. sister chromatid - homologous chromosome
d. egg - sperm
e. homozygous – heterozygous
f. spiral - helix
bonus: Write a question that you studied for, and forgetful me, I
neglected to ask. Answer your question. PLEASE ask yourself
something you can answer well! PLEASE answer the question you
actually ask. [up to 5 points awarded based on question &
answer] Part II: [44 points] Choose the one BEST answer.
Circle its letter. Read each question and all 5 choices carefully
because more than one answer might seem correct at first glance.
2 point each
1. DNA synthesis occurs
a. during interphase before meiosis
b. during interphase before mitosis
c. during prophase of mitosis
d. a and b
e. all of the above
2. Homologous chromosomes have the same _____ in the same _____.
a. alleles .... loci
b. genes .... loci
c. alleles .... genes
d. loci .... genes
e. DNA .... genes
3. Protein synthesis is called
a. replication
b. transcription
c. translation
d. duplication
e. copying
4. For the given DNA strand 5'-3' ATCGTCGATAGG the corresponding 3'-5'
RNA would be
a. GCACAGACTACC
b. TAGCAGCTATCC
c. UAGCAGCUAUCC
d. UAGCAGATAAGG
e. UAGCAGCTATCC
5. Genetic variation results from
a. mutation
b. random segregation of chromosomes to
daughter cells during meiosis
c. crossing-over resulting in recombination
d. a and b
e. all of the above
6. The goal of people who use the scientific method is to
a. understand something better
b. prove that something is true
c. disprove something
d. do an experiment
e. make a hypothesis
7. Haploid cells include
a. gametes
b. sperm
c. ova
d. a and b
e. all of the above
8. Which of the following best describes the general flow of
information?
a. DNA –> protein –> RNA
–>translation –> transcription
b. DNA –> transcription –> RNA –>
translation –> protein
c. RNA –> transcription –> DNA –>
translation –> protein
d. DNA –> transcription –> RNA –>
protein –> translation
e. RNA –> DNA –> protein –>
translation –> transcription
9. Cells that undergo, or result from cell division without
mitosis or meiosis are
a. liver cells
b. platelets or thrombocytes
c. muscle cells
d. red blood cells
e. white blood cells
10. A nucleotide consists of
a. base + sugar + phosphate group
b. base + phosphate group
c. base + phosphate group
d. amines + sugars
e. Deoxyribonucleic acid
11. Humulin is
a. originally constructed from pig genetic
information
b. made in bacteria
c. human insulin
d. a and b
e. all of the above
12. At the end of mitosis, the progeny nuclei are
a. diploid
b. haploid
c. polyploid if there is no cytokinesis
d. the same ploidy as their parent nuclei
e. half the ploidy of their parent nuclei
13. Gametes usually vary genetically from each other because
a. homologous chromosomes vary in the alleles
they carry
b. maternal and paternal chromosomes mix
during meiosis
c. sexual reproduction brings alleles from
different sources together
d. a and b
e. all of the above
14. A theory
a. is an initial hypothesis about how
something works
b. summarizes of group of well-tested
hypotheses
c. is a statement of something that has been
proven true
d. tells why things work but not how
e. tells how things work but not why
15. Which of the following is a form of asexual reproduction?
a. mitosis
b. gametogenesis followed by parthenogenesis
c. gametogenesis followed by fertilization
d. a and b
e. all of the above
16. A chromosome is made of
a. one piece of DNA with associated protein and RNA
b. euchromatin and heterochromatin
c. chromatin
d. a and b
e. all of the above
17. The graft most likely to be retained successfully (not
rejected) is
a. an autograft from another part of the same
person’s body
b. a graft from the same part of the body,
from a donor
c. a genetically engineered graft
d. a and b
e. all of the above
18. The scientific method is central to the study of
a. evolutionary genetics
b. populations and ecosystems
c. the genetics of plants and animals, but not
people
d. a and b
e. all of the above
19. In humans, gametogenesis takes place
a. in testes in males and in ovary in females
b. in prostate gland in males and in uterine
tube in females
c. in epididymis in males and uterus in females
d. in males of all ages and in females between
the ages of 13 and 55
e. at low temperatures, only
20. Meiosis is
a. the process by which a eukaryotic cell
divides creating two identical cells
b. the point at which the synthesis of DNA
occurs in the cell cycle
c. the starting point for cells at which they
have the potential to become any type of cell
d. a process of nuclear division that results
in haploid gametes
e. a process that results in a new individual
with a unique genome
21. Evolution means
a. a theory that has little basis, since
scientists argue about it
b. people are monkeys
c. change over time
d. survival of the fittest
e. natural selection
22. Which of the following is NOT part of the scientific method?
a. observe
b. develop a hypothesis
c. create a proof based on results
d. devise a test
e. compare data to prediction
Part III: [40 points] answer four; omit one Answer each question
completely and clearly.
1. Explain why and how scientists investigate human conditions by
using other organisms
2. Draw a “typical” cell, including 8 distinctive
structures. For each labeled structure, briefly indicate its main
function.
3. Sketch the stages of mitosis, and explain the important events
at each stage. Be sure to show the relationship between the
genetics of the beginning cell and the products.
4. Sketch the stages of meiosis, and explain the important events
at each stage. Be sure to show the relationship between the
genetics of the beginning cell and the products.
5. Imagine that you are in the mall or at the beach and you observe a
group of people who appear to be a family, and who appear to be built
somewhat differently from you in that they can all curl thier tongues
and you can not. Place the following steps in the correct order,
add any that must be added, omit any that are incorrect, and explain
how to apply the scientific method to this phenomenon.
a. do a survey to determine the percentage of
people who can curl their tongue
b. observe a friend who can curl his/her
tongue and ask if his/her parents do too
c. predict that 50% of the people in Orange
County can curl their tongue
d. wonder why some people can curl their
tongue and why some can not
d. wonder tongue curling is hereditary
e. analyze the data you collected from your
study
f. wonder how tongue curling works e.g. are
the nerves or the muscles different?