Part I: [28 pts]: Choose the one BEST answer. Circle its letter. Read each question and all 5 choices carefully because more than one answer might seem correct at first glance. 1 pt each

1. Which of the following are rings of hard, calcified matrix?
a. canaliculi
b. concentric lamellae
c. trabeculae
d. Volkmann's canals
e. interstitial lamellae

2. Bone formation is called
a. ossification
b. hydroxylapatite
c. calcification
d. epiphyseal plate
e. osteoblasts

3. Goosebumps occur through the action of
a. hair follicle growth
b. epidermal ridges
c. dermal papillae
d. arrector pili
e. crowded geese

4. The ________ plane divides the body (or an organ) into anterior and posterior portions
a. oblique
b. transverse
c. sagittal
d. frontal
e. coronal

5. Simple columnar epithelial cells which are unicellular glands that secrete mucus are called
a. ciliated cells
b. pseudostratified cells
c. endocrine glands
d. secretory cells
e. goblet cells

6. Hyaline cartilage may be found in all the following EXCEPT
a. intervertebral disks
b. embryonic skeleton
c. respiratory structures
d. ends of long bones
e. nose

7. The membrane lining cavities of freely moveable joints is called
a. synovial
b. peritoneum
c. pleura
d. serous
e. mucous

8. Bones comprised of two parallel plates of thin compact bone surrounding spongy bone are
a. long
b. parallel
c. flat
d. superficial
e. only found in the head

9. The ________ plane divides the body (or an organ) into left and right portions
a. oblique
b. transverse
c. coronal
d. frontal
e. sagittal

10. In compact bone, lacunae are connected to one another by
a. central canal
b. perforating canal
c. canaliculi
d. diffusion
e. none of the above

11. Thin plates found in spongy bone are called
a. flat bones
b. small bones
c. trabeculae
d. canaliculi
e. osteons

12. Fontanels are
a. immature sutures
b. found only in the skull
c. found only in newborns
d. a and b
e. all of the above

13. An epiphysis would be found in a _____ bone
a. long
b. cuboidal
c. flat
d. irregular
e. any type of bone could have an epiphysis

14. The femur articulates proximally at the
a. ischial tuberosity
b. acetabulum
c. pubic symphysis
d. tibia
e. fibula

15. Which bone articulates with the trochlea of the humerus?
a. clavicle
b. scapula
c. ulna
d. radius
e. none of the above

16. The most likely place to find stratified squamous epithelium would be
a. lining of digestive tract
b. air sacs of lung
c. kidney tubules
d. lining of mouth
e. all of the above

17. Which of the following is the least vascularized?
a. dense regular connective tissue
b. dense irregular connective tissue
c areolar connective tissue
d. bone
e. cartilage

18. The most likely place to find endothelium would be
a. lining of digestive tract
b. lining of blood vessels
c. kidney tubules
d. peritoneum
e. all of the above

19. Exocrine glands are characterized by
a. secreting hormones
b. found in dermis
c. have ducts
d. mesodermal origin
e. all of the above

20. What part of the pelvic girdle may hurt the host's thigh when someone sits on his/her lap?
a. ischial spine
b. lesser sciatic notch
c. superior ramus
d. ischial tuberosity
e. acetabulum

21. Which system regulates body activities via action potentials (electrical connections)?
a. endocrine
b. integumentary
c. exocrine
d. urinary
e. nervous

22. Which group are all part oaf the digestive system?
a. mouth, larynx, trachea
b. esophagus, stomach, rectum
c. salivary gland, liver, ureter
d. kidney, pancreas, gall bladder
e. small intestine, large intestine, spleen

23. Which is NOT a characteristic of epithelial tissue?
a. closely packed cells
b. very little extracellular matrix
c. has vascular supply
d. has a nerve supply
e. high capacity for renewal

24. A transverse plane divides the body (or organ)
a. cranial from caudal
b. left from right
c. anterior from posterior
d. axial from appendicular
e. visceral from parietal

25. Which is NOT a facial bone?
a. nasal bone
b. palatine bone
c. inferior nasal conchae
d. ethmoid bone
e. maxilla

26. The "keystone" of the skull which articulates with all the other skull bones is the ____ bone
a. occipital
b. sphenoid
c. ethmoid
d. temporal
e. frontal

27. ______ bones vary in the amount of compact and spongy bone present. Vertebrae are an example.
a. flat
b. short
c. irregular
d. odd
e. sesamoid

28. Which mechanism or process requires energy to move materials across a membrane from an area of lower concentration to an area of higher concentration?
a. osmosis
b. active transport
c. facilitated diffusion
d. simple diffusion
e. filtration

II. Fill in the blanks or answer the question: 1 point each

29. The cribiform plate is part of the __________ bone.

30. Which bone does not articulate with any other bone?

31-33. The three bone of the pelvis are:

34. The ankle bone that bears all the weight of the body is the:

35. Where (name one good example) would elastic connective tissue be found (in large quantity)?

36. Where (name one good example) would elastic connective tissue be found?

37-40. What bone(s) articulate with the scapula? [note: just because this is worth 2 points does NOT mean that there are necessarily exactly 4 bones in the answer! Points will be taken for bones included incorrectly and for bones omitted.]

41-48.

III. Briefly describe the distinguishing characteristics and give two examples of each of the following categories of bone: (4 pts each)

long

cuboidal

irregular

odd

flat

Part IV: Draw (sketch) a cross section of skin. Include in your diagram AT LEAST the following list of structures. For each structure you draw, identify it, and briefly describe its function. 5 epidermis layers, hair & its associated structures, 2 types of gland, blood vessels, 3 nerves (or nervous tissue) structures, 3 different types of connective tissue, indicate where you would expect to find melanocytes. 20 points

V. Short answer [6 points each]: Be brief, focussed, and complete. A drawing may help illustrate a point. However, a drawing by itself is NOT an explanation - be sure to state what you are trying to illustrate!

1. Briefly describe the two ways cartilage grows. Why does it grow so poorly in the adult? EXTRA 2 pts: Why do you think it forms faster than bone during development?

2. Choose two different types of epithelial tissue. Describe their structures, and compare them to show how each structure is specialized to accomplish its specific function.

bonus: Write a question that you studied for, and forgetful me, I neglected to ask. Answer your question. PLEASE ask yourself something you can answer well! PLEASE answer the question you actually ask. [up to 5 points awarded based on question & answer]