Part I: [51 pts]: Choose the one BEST answer. Circle its letter, write it in the blank, or fill in the blank, as indicated. Read each question and all the choices carefully because more than one answer might seem correct at first glance. For the non-standard questions, read instructions carefully! 1 pt each

1. In anatomical position, the palm of the hand faces
a. medially
b. posteriorly
c. up, cranially
d. laterally
e. anteriorly

2. A lateral view of the internal organs can be achieved by
a. coronal section
b. sagittal section
c. cross section
d. a and b
e. all of the above

3. Which of the following is a facial bone?
a. mastoid
b. ethmoid
c. frontal
d. sphenoid
e. palatine

4. Which of the following can be found in the left lumbar region?
a. stomach
b. urinary bladder
c. kidney
d. gall bladder
e. appendix

5. Bones of the palm of the hand are
a. carpals
b. tarsals
c. metacarpals
d. metatarsals
e. phalanges

6. Which of the following tissues lines hollow organs capable of great expansion, such as the urinary bladder?
a. transitional epithelium
b. simple squamous epithelium
c. pseudostratified epithelium
d. a and b
e. all of the above

7. A major function of the endocrine system is:
a. homeostasis
b. conscious movement
c. support
d. digestion
e. blood filtering

8. A fontanel is a
a. little hole in a bone
b. little hole between skull bones
c. region between skull bones which have not become hard and bony yet
d. region where fluid flows like a fountain
e. structure found only in a fetus

9. Which of the following planes could pass through the top of your head and your heart?
a. sagittal
b. frontal
c. transverse
d. a and b
e. all of the above

10. Cytology is the study of
a. cities
b. cells
c. humans
d. cytosol
e. citations

11. The femur articulates proximally at the
a. ischial tuberosity
b. tibia
c. pubic symphysis
d. acetabulum
e. fibula

12. Which of the following is true of the thoracic cavity?
a. it is inferior to the abdominal cavity
b. in mid-sagittal section, it is the most dorsal cavity
c. all cross sections pass through it
d. its inferior border is the diaphragm
e. it contains the heart, lungs, and spinal cord

13. Upon opening the chest, which structure would you see first?
a. parietal pleura
b. secondary bronchi
c. visceral pleura
d. pleural cavity
e. heart

14. A structure composed of 2 or more cell types performing a complex function as a single unit is called
a. a brain
b. a tissue
c. an organ
d. an organ system
e. an organism

15. An osteon is
a. a central canal
b. a Haversian system
c. a ring of lacunae
d. a and b
e. all of the above

16. Which mechanism or process requires energy to move materials across a membrane from an area of lower concentration to an area of higher concentration?
a. osmosis
b. filtration
c. facilitated diffusion
d. simple diffusion
e. active transport

17. Glands that secrete an oily substance around hair follicles are called
a. ceruminous glands
b. sebaceous glands
c. apocrine glands
d. endocrine glands
e. interstitial glands

18. The intestine is _______ with respect to the navel:
a. dorsal
b. inferior
c. superior
d. deep
e. superficial

19. Which system regulates body activities via action potentials (electrical connections)?
a. endocrine
b. integumentary
c. exocrine
d. urinary
e. nervous

20. Which group are all part of the respiratory system?
a. lung, larynx, trachea
b. esophagus, stomach, rectum
c. salivary gland, liver, ureter
d. kidney, pancreas, gall bladder
e. small intestine, large intestine, spleen

21- 30.

 31-38.

39. The plural of foramen is                               

40. Another way to say "areolar" is                               

41. "Somatic" means (either define, or give an equivalent term)                                     

42. Spreading the fingers apart is called                          

43. The fibula is                           to the tibia.

44-51.

Part II: [12 pts]: Define (describe, illustrate) 2 pts each:

1. ossification

2. lacuna

3. trabecula

4. spicule

5. foramen

6. fossa

III. CHOOSE 4 [24 pts] Be brief, focused, and complete. A drawing may help illustrate a point. However, a drawing by itself is NOT an explanation - be sure to state what you are trying to illustrate! 6 pts each

1. Briefly describe the two ways cartilage grows. Why does it grow so poorly in the adult? EXTRA 2 pts: Why do you think it forms faster than bone during development?

2. Sketch and describe a "typical" long bone. Indicate where, on the diagram, it can grow. Explain.

3. Choose two different types of epithelial tissue. Describe their structures, and compare them to show how each structure is specialized to accomplish its specific function.

4. Choose two different types of connective tissue. Describe their structures, and compare them to show how each structure is specialized to accomplish its specific function.

5. Sketch a cell. Label six discrete structures, and briefly state their functions.

bonus: Write a question that you studied for, and forgetful me, I neglected to ask. Answer your question. PLEASE ask yourself something you can answer well! PLEASE answer the question you actually ask. [up to 5 points awarded based on question & answer]

IV. [15 pts] Draw (sketch) a cross section of skin on the back of this sheet. Include in your diagram AT LEAST the following list of structures. For each structure you draw, identify it, and briefly describe its function. 5 epidermis layers, hair & its associated structures, 2 types of gland, blood vessels, 3 nerves (or nervous tissue) structures, 3 different types of connective tissue, indicate where you would expect to find melanocytes. ½ pt each correct structure, function