GENETICS - BIOL 7    EXAM II - October 24, 2002    NAME:

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Part I: [42 points]  Choose the one BEST answer.  Circle its letter. Read each question and all 5 choices carefully because more than one answer might seem correct at first glance.  1.5  points each

1.  p   5   r     20     t.  What frequency double cross-over gametes is expected?
    a.  1%
    b.  2%
    c.  10%
    d.  20%
    e.  can not be estimated

2.  What is the probability of 3 male offspring in a family of 9?
    a.  36/512
    b.  84/512
    c.  1/512
    d.  84/1024
    e.  3/9

3.  Sister chromatids are separated from one another during
    a.  prophase
    b.  metaphase
    c.  anaphase
    d.  telephase
    e.  any of the above - depending on circumstances; sometimes one brother organizing the others

4.  Two genes are known to be 15 map units apart. The expected percentage of nonparental (recombinant) offspring from a test cross is
    a.  30%
    b.  15%
    c.  7.5%
    d.  1.5%
    e.  not enough information given

5.  In a dihybrid involving two different genes on two different pairs of chromosomes, the recombinant frequency will be:
    a.  0%
    b.  10%
    c.  25%
    d.  50%
    e.  100%
    f.  none of the above; there is no recombination between genes on different chromosomes

6.  A triply wild-type female mated with a triply recessive mutant male gives rise to a large number of offspring.  All of the offspring are wildtype.  Among the F-1, the males represent many different phenotypes, but the females are all wildtype.  This indicates
    a.  the genes are sex-linked; the mother (P1) was heterozygous at several loci
    b.  the genes are sex-linked; the mother (P1) homozygous dominant
    c.  the genes are sex-linked but this is a ZZ/ZW organism: the female is hemizygous
    d.  the genes are autosomal
    e.  not enough information given

7.  A male of unknown genotype crossed with an [aa ] female yields progeny phenotypes:  24 A  male,  26 A female, 23 a male and 27 a female; the best explanation is that
    a.  the gene is lethal in homozygous dominant form
    b.  the gene is probably on the X chromosome
    c.  the male parent is heterozygous at the A locus
    d.  the A gene represents color blindness
    e.  the A gene is recessive

8.  A plant breeding true with purple flowers is crossed to a plant breeding true with white flowers.  All the offspring had purple flowers.  The most likely explanation is
    a.  co-dominance
    b.  partial dominance
    c.  epistasis
    d.  purple is completely dominant
    e.  it is not possible to tell until the F2 is observed

9.  Sister chromatids are separated from one another during
    a.  anaphase of mitosis
    b.  anaphase I
    c.  anaphase II
    d.  a and b
    e.  a and c

10.  To determine the distance between three genes, a,b, and c,
    a.  only one dihybrid cross is necessary
    b.  two different dihybrid crosses are necessary: a - b and b - c
    c.  three dihybrid crosses are necessary: a-b, b-c, and a-c
    d.  each of these genes must be mapped with respect to a fourth gene, d
    e.  one cannot map three genes using dihybrid crosses

11.  What is the probability that the first 3 offspring in a family of 9 will be male, and the rest will be female?
    a.  3/9
    b.  3/512
    c.  84/512
    d.  1/512
    e.  18/512

12.  As the distance between two loci increases,  mapping them becomes
    a.  more affected by interference
    b.  less accurate
    c.  easier to calculate
    d.  more accurate
    e.  a and b
    f.  c and d

13.  Rh blood types are an example of a phenotype controlled by
    a.  multiple genes
    b.  codominance
    c.  multiple alleles
    d.  a and b
    e.  all of the above

14.  Non-recombinant gametes
    a.  are gametes that are physically unable to recombine
    b.  should represent less than 50% ( <50% )of the total observed genotypes
    c.  should represent more than 50% ( > 50% ) of the total observed genotypes
    d.  are gametes which are present on different chromosomes
    e.  are representative of the parental generation

15.   Mitosis in in a haplod cell yields
    a.  2 daughter cells with genotypes that are the same as each other and as the original cell
    b.  2 daughter cells with genotypes that are different from the original cell
    c.  4 daughter cells with genotypes that are the same as each other and as the original cell
    d.  4 daughter cells with genotypes that are different from the original cell
    e.   none of the above

16.  In a dihybrid testcross, the RF will be
    a.  50% - 100% for linked and unlinked genes
    b.  0 - 50% for linked and unlinked genes
    c.  50% - 100% for linked genes only
    d.  0 - 50% for linked genes only
    e.  it is not possible to generalize this way

17.   Interference is
    a.  the occurrence of no crossovers in meiosis
    b.  nondisjunction of the X chromosome at 1st division meiosis
    c.  nondisjunction of the X chromosome at 2nd division meiosis
    d.  when a crossover event in one region of the chromosome inhibits a second event in nearby  regions
    e.  nondisjunction in mitosis

18.  If the genes above are linked, which mating would allow the best mapping?
    a.  the F-1
    b.  the female F-1 with the P-1 male
    c.  the female P-1 with the F-1 male
    d.  one would have to find another strain altogether - none of these are helpful
    e.  the genes are not linked
19.  In Drosophilla, if a red eyed female (wild type, + +) is crossed with a white-eyed male (w), in which generation does it become clear that w is sex linked?
    a.  P
    b.  F1
    c.  F2
    d.  not enough information
    e.  this cross does not demonstrate the sex-linkage of w

20.  If genes Y and P are 64 map units apart, what proportion of progeny would be expected to be Yp or yP when YP / yp is testcrossed?
    a.  0%
    b.  32 %
    c.  50 %
    d.  64 %
    e.  100 %

21.  Multiple alleles can only be studied in
    a.  mutations
    b.  inheritance
    c.  blood groups
    d.  antigens
    e.  populations

22.  The ABO blood groups are an example of a phenotype resulting from
    a.  multiple alleles
    b.  codominance
    c.  multiple genes - epistasis
    d.  a and b
    e.  all of the above

23.  A heterogametic  female is represented by which of the following?
    a.  XY
    b.  ZW
    c.  XX
    d.  ZZ
    e.  a and b
    f.  b and c
    g.  none of the above

24.  Homologous chromatids are separated from one another during
    a.  anaphase of mitosis
    b.  anaphase I
    c.  anaphase II
    d.  a and b
    e.  a and c

25.  Meiosis in in a haplod cell yields
    a.  2 daughter cells with genotypes that are the same as each other and as the mother
    b.  2 daughter cells with genotypes that are the different from the mother
    c.  4 daughter cells with genotypes that are the same as each other and as the mother
    d.  4 daughter cells with genotypes that are the same as each other and as the mother
    e.   none of the above - haploid cells can not undergo meiosis

26.  What is the probability of 4 dominant offspring in a total of 7 offspring from a monohybrid cross?
    a.  35 * 34 / 47
    b.  35/ 27
    c.  3/4
    d.  (34 / 47) * (13 / 47)
    e.  (34 * 13)/ 47

27 - 28.  The cross of XAXa and XAY yields [for each, indicate T or F: ]
      a.  all female progeny with the dominant allele
      b.  all male progeny with the recessive allele
      c.  all male progeny with the dominant allele
      d.  all progeny with the dominant allele
      e.  50%  male progeny with dominant allele, 50% with recessive
      f.  50% female progeny with dominant allele, 50% with recessive

Part II: [20 points]  Consider a cell with 1n = 2; one large submetacentric chromosome & one small acrocentric one.  Using the back of the last page, diagram, being sure to demonstrate both the differences and similarities between the two processes, and briefly explain (in words) the significance of the difference(s).  Also, be sure to include in your diagram and/or explanation all the major events of mitosis and meiosis, not just what the chromosomes are doing.
    a.  mitosis
    b.  meiosis

III. [40 points] Answer each question completely and clearly.  10 points each

1.  Solve the following mapping problems (#1 & 2). Your final answers should include the genotypes and phenotypes of both parents, with the genes arranged in the correct order and in the correct allelic configuration (i.e. dominant and recessive alleles arranged properly on each chromosome).  Map distances  and interference must also be calculated.  Please place the completed answer in one spot so that all of the components can be easily found.

 
+    +    +      20
+    +    d      23
+    b    +        2
a    +    +    430
a    +    d        3
a    b    +      37
a    b    d      45
+    b    d    440

2.                ♀     ♂

r    q    g           57
r    q    +             1
r    +    g         389
r    +    +           27
+    +    +    1010       32
+    q    +        4 52
+    q    g           40
+    +    g             2



3. A geneticist's preliminary results, and the results of a second, larger study are shown below.  In both cases, known doubly heterozygous organisms were test crossed.  Analyze each experiment separately, and then draw a conclusion about the MOST LIKELY map of the two genes tested.  If the conclusions  differ, explain which you think is correct, and why you think it is more likely to be valid.

         A      B
QR        22    220
Qr        30    300
qr        22    220
qR        26    260

4.  When people from Earth landed on the first planet on which they found something recognizable as eukaryotic life, they determined that reproduction appeared to be similar to what we see on Earth, that is, meiosis and fertilization similar to what we have been studying.  In an effort to map some genes which had been studied sufficiently to be sure of a genotype- phenotype relationship, complete dominance, and “Mendelian inheritance”, the following testcrosses were done (tester parent is listed second), and progeny counted.  Map the genes.  Determine the genotypes of the original mating pair.  Write the answer all together in one place so that it can be found easily.  Show your work.

red ears, orange noses  x purple ears, pink noses

red ears, orange noses        46
red ears, pink noses          7
purple ears, orange noses      5
purple ears, pink noses        42


red ears, four fingers  x purple ears, six fingers

red ears, four fingers          5
red ears, six fingers        47
purple ears, four fingers    45
purple ears, six fingers          3


four fingers, orange noses  x six fingers, pink noses

four fingers, orange noses    12
four fingers, pink noses        40
six fingers, orange noses    41
six fingers, pink noses          7


bonus: Write a question that you studied for, and forgetful me, I neglected to ask.  Answer your question.  PLEASE ask yourself something you can answer well!  PLEASE answer the question you actually ask.  [up to 5 points awarded based on question & answer]

 npx =        n!     * [p^x][q(^n-x)]
             x!(n-x)!